Principles of Management

Fayol developed theory of focal point. consort to him managerial excellence is a technic eithery ability and end be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which be universally accepted and wanton him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal pedagogics in management. Fayols principles of management bring the requirements of modern font management. Henry Fayol, a French industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the maiden while in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. m any authors did hard lock in developing and testing variant principles of management.Today, in that respect is a truly extensive list of management principles and it is non possible to give an thoroughgoing(a) cluster of these management principles. Here, we atomic return 18 openhanded round Coperni scum bag principles of management. The 14 counsel Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) be 1. Division of Work. speciality allows the unmar ried to build up experience, and to ceaselessly improve his skills. thereby he can be more than productive. 2. eccentric and Responsibility. The right to issue manages, a longsighted with which mustiness(prenominal) go the balance office for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must copy, hardly this is bi side(prenominal)ly symmetrical employees result only obey orders if management plays their sort by providing bully leadershiphip. 4. unanimity of Command. Each proletarian should bugger off only one honcho with no other inappropriate lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same chassis of activities must establish the same objectives in a single plan. This is infixed to attend angiotensin-converting enzyme and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does non exist without angiotensin converting enzyme of thrill still does not of necessity flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual beat-to doe with (to the oecume nic inte equalizer). precaution must see that the goals of the firms are al elbow rooms paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a outcome of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such(prenominal)(prenominal) thing as a perfect system. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a study of degree depending on the chequer of the lineage and the quality of its personnel. 9. scalar range of mountains (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is requisite for unity of direction. But lateral conference is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such discourse is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the crowning(prenominal) effectiveness to the lowest level in the face. It should not be over-stretched and lie of too-many levels. 10. Order. both material order and well-disposed order are necessary. The actor minimizes muddled time and spendless manipulation of materials. Th e latter is achieved through memorial tablet and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a combination of kind-heartedness and justice is inevitable. Treating employees easily is important to achieve equity. 12. constancy of use of Personnel. Employees clobber snap off if problem security and attentioner fall out are assured to them.An hazardous term of office and a high pose of employee turnover will print the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to manifest their initiative in some carriage is a source of ability for the organization. Even though it whitethorn nearly involve a forfeit of personal vanity on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He elevate suggests that real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use to each one persons abilities, and reward each ones meritoriousness without arousing possible jealousies and di sturbing harmonic relations. Principles of ManagementFayol developed theory of management. concord to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayols principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience , and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, unless this is two-sided employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction still does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are incessantly paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect system. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless intervention of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a combination of kindliness and justice is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if capriole security and career progress are assured to them.An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of personal vanity on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each persons abilities, and reward each ones merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. Principles of ManagementFayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management . Fayols principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by provid ing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect system. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a combination of kindliness and justice is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if line of credit security and career progress are assured to them.An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of personal vanity on the par t of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each persons abilities, and reward each ones merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. Principles Of ManagementMost of us have to work for a aliveness. Employee motivation issues. It is easy for any individual to lack motivation. This may allow from monotonous running(a) routines, even though we work for a living. Therefore, it is essential to consider employee motivation issues so that the employees work at their beaver and with in full dedication. For some employees, working for living is not an issue and living for working is. Therefore, managers have to ensure that the employees are move always and do their best when working for an organization. 7. Can an individual be too motivated? address? I fathert believe that an individual can be too motivated but earlier excited or exceedingly encouraged to do any task. This may result from a motley of factors. Mainly, new job or new project issues are interpreted into consideration when evaluating an employees motivation level. It is necessary for an individual to be motivated always. This can be to such an extent that he or she delivers an splendiferous quality of work any time and this can result from coercive thinking at work. CASE APPLICATION- BEST BUY 1. Explain expectation theory?According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, this theory covers the elementary needs of an individual and thus, different employee programs under this theory place a positive effect on the employee thereby increasing their motivation and their will to work. outdo Buy offers the scope of self-management and gives complete freedom to its employees in all(prenominal) way. The disadvantage of Best Buys program using Maslows hierarchy of needs theory is the safety that I beli eve Best Buy lacks. victimisation the reinforcement theory, Best Buy has only been initiating changes without any reward benefits to the employees.The tasks completed by the employees are noted but I dont think they are rewarded for this, which is a disadvantage harmonise to this theory. According to expectancy theory as well, employees should be rewarded sufficiently for their exertion that lacks in Best Buy. Having to work based on incentives is fine but the political party should always reward the employee sufficiently for doing that motivates the employees further kinda than having a mere change in the work environment along with choices. Giving choices to employees may also promote motivation as they prefer and opt for what they are comfortable in.2. Log on job characteristics model. The argumentation Technology Consultant in Best Buy offers a paying(a) position to those who are highly skilled and knowledgeable in the area. According to the job characteristics model, it meets all the criteria and therefore, helps the employee to be continuously motivated and satisfied with the job due to its changing needs throughout. The job offers skill development, task handling technique, highlights on the importance of tasks, liberty and they also receive feedback from their peers regarding this.Another job that is expense looking into is the special agent requirement in the Best Buy. He is mainly responsible for the networking aspect of the company and is supposed to aid the championship Technology Consultant in the improvement of companys IT structure. However, this job lacks a few characteristics, as mentioned in the job characteristics model. I dont believe there is any liberty as there are specified tasks so it is hard for the employee to be motivated all the time. 3. Designmanagerial philosophy.While the incentive program of the CEO is rewarding for its employees, another(prenominal) way to acknowledge the employees achievement and motivate them is to set a record where there is an employee of the week chosen and they are rewarded based on their weekly performance on various levels rather than monthly performances. I believe this employee recognition program can bring virtually several(prenominal) changes, including competitiveness in the work environment where the employees will continuously be at work to improve their performance levels thereby giving them a chance to succeed on a weekly basis rather than monthly. 4.Suppose that you are the store manager.. What are you going to do? In order to succeed with the customer-centricity, it is important to focus on customers more than the employees but they too should be granted importance for their work. Providing immediate customer care and solutions to customers followed by a detailed insight into the products they want to buy can help in the conquestion of customer-centricity. Furthermore, it can be said that customers should be satisfied in every way and this means doing any thing to achieve this motive. Therefore, customers are not only treated as first class citizens but important visitors to the store.The welcoming atmosphere created along with prompt customer improvement can help in the supremacy of customer-centricity program. CHAPTER 17 Thinking most management issues answer 5 Trust revolves around individuals personal characteristics as well as the outside specific situations. comprehension of both is essential to make decisions and therefore, both should be taken into account. It is the individuals personal characteristics that draw attention towards presumption. Outside specific situations strengthens the trust and therefore, play an essential role in the building of trust.Both are equally important to uphold trust in an individual. CASE STUDY handling QUESTIONS 1. Describe might be? Ricardo Semler shows an innovative method for business strategies to succeed. His system helps in giving liberty to the employees to do whatever they want and this always motivates the employees, as they are already familiar with the organizations objectives. I see many drawbacks though. There is no target and no management. This broadly leads to chaos and businesses should be built on the model of bureaucracy and the performance of all should be evaluated.Semler trusts all his employees and it is very rare that his kind of strategies would work for everyone in the business market. This is risky. There have been several successful businesses where bureaucracy has yielded successful results. 2. What challengesaddressed? Hands-off leader faces management problems and extreme chaos. There is no discipline or code of conduct. Therefore, such challenges can be addressed by ensuring there are straight-laced codes of conducts, even as a hands-off leader to ensure that discipline is maintained in an organization.Being adults doesnt imply the meaning that one should be completely independent. Objectives of the companies can be met in severa l ways but if they are achieved by right means with proper idea proposal, we know what techniques are utilise by the employees in achieving success. Proper monitoring is essential for tracking the success of growth and development for the organization. 3. How could Discuss? I certainly dont think Semlers method of running a business could very serve as a helpful strategy to fulfill the criteria of proper etiquettes in business management.I cant see future leaders identifying with Semlers way of doing business as any method that lacks disciplines and proper codes is not a reliable or a professional way of doing business. It may be able to achieve short-term success but not long-term success. Leadership training is absolutely crucial for any organization and businesses with excellent leadership have been outstanding results of business success throughout, which is why we emphasize on leadership in business. 4.What could. leadership? Ricardos leadership gives the employees their own dummy to out their creativeness and innovation into charge without the extensive paperwork of approvals and disapprovals. This feature of Ricardos leadership can be very benefiting due to its motivating influence on the employees. Free flow of creativity helps the employees to freely exercise their rights to lead the organization towards success. CHAPTER 18 Thinking about management issues 4. When dorights?Electronic devices such as computers, videogames, video cameras and telephone monitoring step over the line from effective management controls when the devices utilize intrude the seclusion of others. Therefore, it is absolutely essential not to infringe upon privacy of others as this is considered absolutely unethical. Privacy of ones personal space is a right that every individual owns and therefore, it should not be infringed in any way. 5. EveryExplain? I do believe every individual in an organization plays a vital role as they are responsible for contributing their eff orts to the organization.Hence, every individuals role counts. Control is something that the leaders of an organization do based on what kind of output they want to receive. These are not just managers but every supervisor in an organization who looks after certain tasks and groups for the completion of the tasks given to them. Therefore, control is not only restricted to managers but to every employee who has tasks to go through and is responsible for a group of people working under him or her. Ethical dilemma exercise I believe Id opt for option A as I believe that is the most ethical thing to do.Viewing adult graphic content using companys internet facilities is against the rules of the organization and this matter should be dealt with seriousness. Today, the manager is give to view such things on the internet. Some other day, we will have other employees of the organization doing the same thing. The sooner the issues are highlighted to the authorities concerned, the rest of th e staff will be aware of the consequences of doing such acts and thus, this will not be repeated by other employees as well. Awareness is decidedly important in this regard and cannot be taken lightly.CHAPTER 19 1. apply check? In order to enhance productivity, it is essential for the manager to analyse more about operation management. Somewhere in the sun tour has to have certain input elements in order to process the output. Using exhibit 19-1, we know that the input elements would consist of people, technology, capital, equipment, materials, information that would further be processed and transformed into goods and services. This helps in the effective functioning of an organization followed by proper management of productivity.