An Introduction to Medical Anthropology

An Introduction to Medical Anthropology Clinical humanities is a field of human sciences focusedâ on the connection between wellbeing, ailment, and culture. Convictions and practices about wellbeing change across various societies and are impacted by social, strict, political, authentic, and monetary variables. Clinical anthropologists utilize anthropological hypotheses and strategies to produce one of a kind bits of knowledge into how unique social gatherings around the globe experience, decipher, and react to inquiries of wellbeing, disease, and health. Clinical anthropologists study a wide cluster of themes. Explicit inquiries include: How does a specific culture characterize wellbeing or illness?How may a determination or condition be deciphered by various cultures?What are the jobs of specialists, shamans, or elective wellbeing practitioners?Why improve or more awful wellbeing results, or higher predominance of certain diseases?What is the interface between wellbeing, bliss, and stress?How are various conditions demonized or even celebrated in explicit social settings? What's more, clinical anthropologists study the elements that effect or are influenced by the dissemination of disease, and are likewise firmly sensitive to inquiries of imbalance, force, and wellbeing. History of the Field Clinical human studies rose as a proper zone of study in the mid-20thâ century. Its underlying foundations are in social human studies, and it broadens that subfield’s center around social and social universes to themes relating explicitly to wellbeing, disease, and health. Like social anthropologists, clinical anthropologists normally use ethnography †or ethnographic strategies †to direct research and accumulate information. Ethnography is a subjective examination strategy that includes full drenching in the network being contemplated. The ethnographer (i.e., the anthropologist) lives, works, and watches day by day life in this particular social space, which is known as the field site. Clinical humanities developed progressively significant after World War II, when anthropologists started to formalize the way toward applying ethnographic techniques and hypotheses to inquiries of wellbeing around the globe. This was a period of across the board worldwide turn of events and philanthropic endeavors planned for carrying present day innovations and assets to nations in the worldwide South. Anthropologists demonstrated especially valuable for wellbeing based activities, utilizing their exceptional abilities of social examination to help create programs custom fitted to neighborhood practices and conviction frameworks. Explicit battles concentrated on sanitation, irresistible infection control, and nourishment. Key Concepts and Methods Clinical anthropology’s way to deal with ethnography has changed since the field’s early days, thanks in enormous part to the development of globalization and the rise of new correspondence advancements. While the famous picture of anthropologists includes living in remote towns in distant grounds, contemporary anthropologists lead research in an assortment of field destinations running from urban focuses to country villas, and even in online networking networks. Some additionally consolidate quantitative information into their ethnographic work. A few anthropologists presently plan multi-sited considers, for which they lead ethnographic hands on work in various field locales. These might incorporate similar investigations of medicinal services in provincial versus urban spaces in a similar nation, or consolidate customary in-person hands on work living in a specific spot with computerized examination of online life networks. A few anthropologists even work in numerous nations around the globe for a solitary venture. Together, these additional opportunities for hands on work and field destinations have expanded the extent of anthropological examination, empowering researchers to all the more likely investigation life in a globalized world. Clinical anthropologists utilize their advancing procedures to analyze key ideas, including: Wellbeing inconsistencies: the distinctions in the circulation of wellbeing results or sickness pervasiveness across groupsGlobal wellbeing: the investigation of wellbeing over the globeEthnomedicine: the similar investigation of customary medication rehearses in various culturesCultural relativism:â the hypothesis that all societies must be considered on their own terms, not as better or second rate than others. What Do Medical Anthropologists Study? Clinical anthropologists work to take care of an assortment of issues. For example, a few analysts center around wellbeing value and wellbeing abberations, attempting to clarify why certain networks have preferable or more terrible wellbeing results over others. Others may ask how a specific wellbeing condition, for example, Alzheimer’s or schizophrenia, is knowledgeable about restricted settings around the world. Clinical anthropologists can be partitioned into two general gatherings: scholastic and applied. Scholarly clinical anthropologists work inside college frameworks, specializingâ in exploration, composing, and additionally educating. Interestingly, applied clinical anthropologists regularly work outside of college settings. They can be found in clinics, clinical schools, general wellbeing programs, and in philanthropic or universal non-legislative associations. While scholastic anthropologists regularly have increasingly open-finished exploration plans, applied experts are normally part of a group attempting to illuminate or produce experiences into a particular issue or question. Today, key examination regions includeâ medical advancements, hereditary qualities and genomics, bioethics, inability contemplates, wellbeing the travel industry, sexual orientation based savagery, irresistible diseaseâ outbreaks, substance misuse, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Moral Considerations Both scholarly and applied anthropologists face comparative moral contemplations, which are commonly regulated by their colleges, funders, or other overseeing associations. Institutional audit sheets were set up in the U.S. during the 1970s to guarantee moral consistence for research including human subjects, which incorporates most ethnographic tasks. Key moral contemplations for clinical anthropologists are: Educated consent:â ensuring that exploration subjects know about any dangers and agree to take an interest in the study.Privacy: securing members wellbeing status, picture or resemblance, and private information Confidentiality: protecting the obscurity (whenever wanted) of an examination subject, regularly by utilizing pseudonymous names for members and field site areas Clinical Anthropology Today The most notable anthropologist today is Paul Farmer. A doctor and an anthropologist, Dr. Rancher instructs at Harvard University and has gotten across the board approval for his work in worldwide wellbeing. Other key figures in clinical human sciences incorporate Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Arthur Kleinman, Margaret Lock, Byron Good, and Rayna Rapp. The Society for Medical Anthropology is the essential expert association for clinical anthropologists in North America, and is subsidiary with the American Anthropological Association. There are academic diaries dedicated exclusively to clinical human studies, for example, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, Medical Anthropology, and the online journal Medicine Anthropology Theory. Somatosphere.net is a well known blog concentrating on clinical humanities and related disciplines.â â Clinical Anthropology Key Takeaways Clinical human sciences is a part of human studies concentrated on the connection between wellbeing, disease, and culture.Medical anthropologists can be partitioned into two key fields: applied and academic.While clinical anthropologists study a wide scope of issues and subjects, key ideas incorporate wellbeing incongruities, worldwide wellbeing, clinical advances, and bioethics. Sources â€Å"American Anthropological Association Statement on Ethnography and Institutional Review Boards.† American Anthropological Association, 2004.Crossman, Ashley. â€Å"What is Ethnography? What It Is and How To Do It.† ThoughtCo, 2017.Petryna, Adriana. â€Å"Health: Anthropological Aspects.† International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, second version. Elsevier, 2015.Rivkin-Rish, Michele. â€Å"Medical Anthropology.† Oxford Bibliographies, 2014.â€Å"What is Medical Anthropology?† Society for Medical Anthropology.

PORSCHE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PORSCHE - Case Study Example It additionally possesses different organizations, for example, Audi, Bentley, and Lamborghini making it the third world’s biggest car producer on the planet. Volkswagen plans to pick up the top position utilizing a stage called Strategy 2018. To accomplish this, VW plans to build the restricted creation of Porsche through the improvement of new product offerings, for example, cars and SUVs beside sports vehicles. It likewise needs to retain the innovation and development of Porsche and apply them to other car brands possessed by VW. Notwithstanding, these plans speak to a likely hazard for the brand picture of Porsche since these can contrarily influence the impression of value and unwaveringness among Porsche clients. In this way, Matthias Mueller, the new CEO of Porsche, needs to settle on a critical vital choice. Muller needs to choose adequately whether Porsche ought to expand its creation or spotlight on conveying its center competency which is the creation of sports veh icles. What's more, Muller likewise needs to make a methodology that will forestall the potential brand weakening of Porsche. II. Circumstance Analysis General Environment The financial condition where the vehicle business works is exceptionally precarious and unstable. This is an aftereffect of the money related emergency and financial downturn rising in various nations. This circumstance can enormously influence the buying choice of clients. Industry Environment Sports vehicles are a particular section in the car business with a quite certain objective market which are the wealthy race vehicle lovers. Despite the fact that there is a little market for this fragment, each buy comprises high net revenue. Therefore, a ton of car organizations are likewise planning and assembling sports vehicles. This prompted the expanded rivalry for this section in the business. Porsche is the main brand for sports vehicles on the planet. Then again, Sedan and SUVs are additionally creating expanded interest from the worldwide market. This speaks to an open door that separated vehicle producers can exploit. Be that as it may, this section as of now has various contenders. All in all, there is expanded rivalry in the vehicle business since purchasers cause low exchanging cost because of high accessibility of different cars. Contender Environment Volkswagen Auto Group is confronting exceptional rivalry from Toyota and General Motors regarding piece of the overall industry and incomes. These organizations likewise have their own very good quality games vehicles and extravagance vehicles which legitimately rival Porsche and different games vehicles claimed by VW. This requires VW to structure viably and advertise their items in a better manner looked at than its rivals. III. SWOT Analysis Strengths Porsche is the world’s most grounded sports vehicle brand which means high dependability and excellent observation among its clients. It likewise has a solid culture for innovati on and development which makes its vehicles exceptionally dependable. In actuality, Porsche reliably encounters high deals from every one of its models of sports and race vehicles. Shortcoming Although Porsche has substantiated itself in the market for sports vehicles, the organization has not yet increased a solid notoriety for assembling different sections, for example, cars and SUVs. This makes it hard for Porsche toâ position itself adequately in the new market fragments. Opportunity There is an expanded interest for SUVs and Sedans in the worldwide market. This is an open door for Porsche to expand its incomes by differentiating its product offerings for a more extensive market fragment. Danger T he plan of the Volkswagen to let Porsche make another product offerings beside sports vehicles can prompt a danger of brand weakening for Porsche. There is a likelihood that the apparent quality and high separation that Porsche had the option to position to the market

Avocado Leaf Plasticity Essay Example for Free

Avocado Leaf Plasticity Essay Presentation: Phenotypic pliancy, or contrasting phenotypes from one genotype in various ecological conditions, is a route for sessile life forms to adjust to changing natural conditions (Valladares et al., 2007). Pliancy was required to be plenteous, notwithstanding, it didn't happen as regularly in nature because of asset confinements and ecological pressure (Valladares et al., 2007). An investigation by Matos tried the phenotypic pliancy to light accessibility in shade and sun leaves of espresso trees (Matos et al. , 2009). Their examination demonstrated that analyzed [to] sun leaves, conceal leaves had a lower stomatal thickness, a more slender palisade mesophyll, a higher explicit leaf territory, and improved light capture†¦ (Matos et al., 2009). The sun leaves were depicted as commonly thicker with an improved amount of palisade mesophyll (Matos et al., 2009). Our goal was the nearness of phenotypic pliancy in avocado trees dependent on the distinctions in the morphology of shade and sun leaves. In our examination, we asked whether there is a distinction in surface region, length-to-width proportion, mass, explicit leaf mass, and shading between conceal leaves and sun leaves in avocado trees. We guessed that there would be no noteworthy contrasts in surface region, length-to-width proportion, mass, explicit leaf mass, and shading between conceal leaves and sun leaves. Strategies: We gathered our seventy examples of avocado tree (Persea History of the U.S) leaves, in equivalent measures of sun and shade leaves, at an avocado tree woods found north of Building 3 and University Drive at Cal Poly Pomona on Thursday, October 24, 2013 at 9:00 am. They were haphazardly and interspersedly gathered all through the forest. We split the forest into five regions, split into five groups of two, and was alloted to one of the five zones. Each group picked a number for the trees in their district and an arbitrary number was chosen from an irregular number table to choose a tree relating to that number. An irregular number table was utilized to pick the comparing quadrant, branch, and leaf. This process was done twice on each tree in the understory for conceal leaves, and in the shade for sun leaves. Each leaf was estimated for its surface territory, length-to-width proportion, mass, explicit leaf mass, and shading. Surface territory was estimated by a leaf region meter in squared centimeters. Length-to-width proportion was estimated by estimating the length (vertically along the extension of the leaf) and the width (on a level plane on the most extensive piece of the leaf) with a ruler in centimeters, and separating the length by the width. Mass was determined by a parity in grams. Explicit leaf mass (thickness) was estimated by isolating the mass by its surface zone in grams per squared centimeter. Shading was estimated by having three reference leaves gave by the teacher, demonstrating light (L), medium (M), and dim (D) leaves and looked at our gathered leaves. Subsequent to recording the entirety of the information, these information were then contribution to a measurable program called StatCat to decide ordinariness through a typicality test. The information for surface region, length-to-width proportion, mass, and explicit leaf mass for sun and shade leaves were both typical, in this manner, we picked a matched example t-test for every one of them. An ordinariness test was not required for shading for sun and shade lets due have at it being an ostensible scale information. The quantity of light, medium, and dim shade leaves were counted up as indicated by shading, and the equivalent was accomplished for the sun leaves. A possibility table was made in Excel, and utilized in StatCat to test our speculation. The combined example t-tests were likewise done through StatCat, which at that point gave us the proper outcomes to test our speculations. RESULTS: Shade leaves had an essentially bigger surface zone than sun leaves (t = - 3.7313, P = 0.00069; Table 1). Shade leaves had a fundamentally bigger length-to-width proportion than sun leaves (t = - 2.7162, P = 0.01031). Shade leaves had no noteworthy contrast in mass than sun leaves (t = - 1.4871, P = 0.1462). Shade leaves had an altogether littler explicit leaf mass than sun leaves (t = 5.82093, P = 1.5ãâ€"10-6). Shade leaves were fundamentally darker than sun leaves (X2 = 18.417, P = 0.0001).

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Capstone - Essay Example In like manner, the organization’s statement of purpose likewise tends to the foundation of prosperous and helpful associations with both inside and outside gatherings that are related with the exercises of the business, for example, its representatives, providers and different accomplices (FedEx Corporation 2013a). Not exclusively does the statement of purpose of the organization delineate the organization’s duty towards its essential partners however it likewise gives a guide to the administration and the workers regarding how FedEx Corporation expects to lead its business exercises. As showed by the plan of the organization’s statement of purpose, the vision proclamation and statement of purpose of an organization frequently speak to messages or implications that are very much the same while in different situations; the vision explanation depicts a company’s goals or what it wants to accomplish later on (Secord 2003). As indicated by FedEx Corporation ( 2013a) the association expects to serve its clients in the most ideal way by recognizing the selective prerequisites of each market portion. The nearness of this proviso in the organization’s statement of purpose has been the driver of FedEx Corporation’s effective support of its worldwide customer base which presentations differing needs. For instance, the commencement of takeovers in nations, for example, Brazil, Mexico and India in the ongoing years has been incited by the organization’s commitment to â€Å"accommodate advancing client needs† (FedEx Corporation 2012). 2. Investigate the five (5) powers of rivalry to decide how they sway the organization. Porter’s Five Forces model works as a successful and exhaustive system for recognizing, breaking down and assessing the potential chances and dangers to an organization which are presented by different serious powers inside the business (Hill and Jones 2007). Based on this comprehension, the str ucture traces five key regions of rivalry that assume a principal job in the definition and execution of systems to viably address the illustrated dangers and effectively gain by circumstances. Bartering Power of Suppliers The idea of FedEx Corporation’s exercises and the size of its activities requests standard connection with a few providers that are situated over the globe. The company’s providers are distinguished as fuel providers, makers of transportation materials and plane producers (Berger 2011). Berger (2011) states that prevailing fuel providers order solid bartering control over the association on account of the inaccessibility of substitutes which significantly restricts the organization’s capacity to take part in effective arrangements so as to bring down working costs. Essentially, the airplane producing industry shows an oligopolistic circumstance with Boeing and Airbus being the essential providers of airplanes which loans huge haggling capacity to the makers (Berger 2011). In opposition to this perception, Berger (2011) distinguishes that makers of transportation materials display just constrained dealing power in light of the fact that FedEx Corporation has the alternative of picking its assigned providers among a few organizations in a market that is exceptionally serious. Haggling Power of Buyers Hill and Jones (2007) remark that dealing intensity of purchasers is liable to change according to the adjustments in the outside condition. On account of FedEx Corpora

Jeremy Bentham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jeremy Bentham - Essay Example Utilitarianism is likely the best work by Jeremy Bentham. The moral establishments he set down are still broadly acknowledged by the overall population. Bentham based his ethical way of thinking of Utilitarianism in open great and satisfaction. He contended that individuals should act in a manner in order to augment open useful for the most extreme number of individuals (Bentham, 3). The ethical way of thinking of Bentham became acclaimed in light of the fact that it was illustrative of human instinct. Before Bentham moral way of thinking depended on complex standards and there was a partition between moral ways of thinking and the overall population. Bentham brought moral way of thinking and morals inside the grip of the overall population. The idea of most extreme useful for the greatest individuals is very straightforward and this is one motivation behind why individuals despite everything examine and apply this hypothesis when confronting moral problems. Jeremy Bentham got his lone rangers and experts degree from The Queen’s College, Oxford. He was from an informed family thusly he got all the fundamental preparing and instruction from his family. Bentham introduced numerous social changes identified with jail framework, ladies, and monetary opportunity. He was a passionate defender of women’s right and believed that ladies ought to get equivalent right to men. The point of Bentham’s reasoning was to amplify the open profit and limit the agony of the individuals. The entirety of the social changes and changes in the governing body proposed by Bentham depended on the rule of most extreme utility of the general public. He believed that laws ought to be intended to profit people in general all in all with the goal that general joy of the general public can be expanded. Delight and agony as indicated by Bentham were the principle inspirations of human activity subsequently his morals depends on expanding joy and diminishing torment of the most extreme number of individuals in the general public. Commitment of Jeremy Bentham to the subject of morals is incredible on the grounds that his hypothesis of utilitarianism is stills concentrated in each ethic related course everywhere throughout the globe.

Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus

Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus In our beautiful new Public Maps Universe, you can follow your favorite mind mappers, copy great maps to your account, and, of course, share your own creations with the world. More than 300,000 interactive mind maps in 10 different categories are ready to be explored what are you waiting for? What Is the Public Maps Universe? Created by professionals, creatives, teachers and students all over the world, the public mind maps stored in MindMeisters Public Maps Universe contain information about almost every subject imaginable. Public mind maps provide a visual overview of a whole topic on a single page, and often contain tons of useful links, notes, videos and other resources that you can use. But that’s not all: They’re interactive: You can zoom in and out, open and close branches, click on links, open attachments and play embedded slideshows. They’re shareable:  You can share interesting maps on your social media channels or link to them from your blog or website. They’re free:  All of the mind maps stored in MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe can be viewed for free. They’re editable:  Most map authors allow you to copy their public maps to your own MindMeister account, where you can then edit them further. Create Your Own MindMeister Account Sign up now FREE Sign up now Browse the New Categories Besides a complete UI revamp, MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe features 3 awesome new categories for you to explore: In the category Marketing  you’ll find public maps created by SEO specialists, growth hackers, content marketers and other experts. Check out this great mind map about Marketing Strategies and this Marketing Persona template! In Design  you’ll find fantastic maps about UI and UX design, product design, architecture, and much more. Go ahead and browse all design maps now! Our new Summaries  category features mind map summaries of popular books, TED talks and other educational resources. Take a look at this great summary of the book Influence by Robert B. Cialdini! Follow Other Mappers Additionally, you can now follow your favorite mind mappers, just like you can follow artists on other platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. You can view a list of all mind mappers you follow and scroll through a feed of all the maps theyve recently published. Why Use Mind Maps? Mind maps provide a great overview of any subject and help you see how things are connected. By using a two-dimensional structure as well as colors, icons and images to display information, these diagrams become much more memorable than linear text or simple lists. Millions of professionals as well as students around the world use mind maps daily to improve comprehension and communicate ideas more effectively.   So What Are You Waiting For? Head on over to our all-new Public Maps Universe to find interesting maps now, or sign up for a free MindMeister account to create your own awesome maps! Explore the Public Maps Universe Now! Start Browsing Free Start Browsing Introducing the All-New Public Maps Universe! - Focus In our beautiful new Public Maps Universe, you can follow your favorite mind mappers, copy great maps to your account, and, of course, share your own creations with the world. More than 300,000 interactive mind maps in 10 different categories are ready to be explored what are you waiting for? What Is the Public Maps Universe? Created by professionals, creatives, teachers and students all over the world, the public mind maps stored in MindMeisters Public Maps Universe contain information about almost every subject imaginable. Public mind maps provide a visual overview of a whole topic on a single page, and often contain tons of useful links, notes, videos and other resources that you can use. But that’s not all: They’re interactive: You can zoom in and out, open and close branches, click on links, open attachments and play embedded slideshows. They’re shareable:  You can share interesting maps on your social media channels or link to them from your blog or website. They’re free:  All of the mind maps stored in MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe can be viewed for free. They’re editable:  Most map authors allow you to copy their public maps to your own MindMeister account, where you can then edit them further. Create Your Own MindMeister Account Sign up now FREE Sign up now Browse the New Categories Besides a complete UI revamp, MindMeister’s Public Maps Universe features 3 awesome new categories for you to explore: In the category Marketing  you’ll find public maps created by SEO specialists, growth hackers, content marketers and other experts. Check out this great mind map about Marketing Strategies and this Marketing Persona template! In Design  you’ll find fantastic maps about UI and UX design, product design, architecture, and much more. Go ahead and browse all design maps now! Our new Summaries  category features mind map summaries of popular books, TED talks and other educational resources. Take a look at this great summary of the book Influence by Robert B. Cialdini! Follow Other Mappers Additionally, you can now follow your favorite mind mappers, just like you can follow artists on other platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. You can view a list of all mind mappers you follow and scroll through a feed of all the maps theyve recently published. Why Use Mind Maps? Mind maps provide a great overview of any subject and help you see how things are connected. By using a two-dimensional structure as well as colors, icons and images to display information, these diagrams become much more memorable than linear text or simple lists. Millions of professionals as well as students around the world use mind maps daily to improve comprehension and communicate ideas more effectively.   So What Are You Waiting For? Head on over to our all-new Public Maps Universe to find interesting maps now, or sign up for a free MindMeister account to create your own awesome maps! Explore the Public Maps Universe Now! Start Browsing Free Start Browsing

Diversity in Education Analysis Essay - 550 Words

Diversity in Education (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameProfessor NameSubjectDateAnalysis EssayThe current education sector is characterized by diversity in cultural aspects, race, and religion among others. There is no boundary in which the students are restricted to pursue their education, and the same case applies to the employment sector. The society understands the impact of racial discrimination and oppression of the minority group, and they have instituted strategies that ensure realization of equitable distribution of resources and equal opportunities in the academic and employment sector. One of such strategies is encouraging affirmative action. Although affirmative action is critical in safeguarding the interest of the minority, Eastland, in his editorial, argues that affirmative action is a disguise in the realization of equity across the globe. Eastland outlines numerous setbacks associated with affirmative action, one of which being that it causes stigmatization. The strategy focuses on providing o pportunities to the minority group in the society. As such, a certain proportion of opportunities are set aside for the benefit of the minority group in the society. The minority group is stigmatized as they understand that without the favor of the majority group in the society, they cannot get the opportunities and privileges enjoyed by other groups in the society. Eastland argue that the society, regardless of whether one is a minority or majority, should access the opportunities available on a competitive manner (Eastland 100). Dependence on the majority group gives them the upper hand to dictate the operations and activities of the minority. The objective of affirmative action is to enhance equity among all groups in the society, but, in reality, it is the reverse of discrimination. In essence, it is not justifiable to replace discrimination against the minority groups in the society with discrimination against non-minority groups. The United States Constitution provides that eq uality should always be observed in the society, and discriminating majority group from accessing some of the opportunities, is in itself contrary to the laws of the United States. Reducing the proportion of opportunities for the majority group is demonstrating discrimination in the present world. An individuals education background and achievements should be the basis for accessing opportunities rather than basing on minority and majority groupings. Affirmative action focuses on race rather than focusing on meritocracy. Admissions into the public institutions should be based on a students merit rather than racial background. The end of racial discrimination will only be achieved when the societys focus is on encouraging competitiveness in various opportunities instead of focusing on benefiting the minority group. Eastland argues that students who are given priorities based on affirmative action often end-up underachieving (Eastland 102). This is not good for th... Diversity in Education Analysis Essay - 550 Words Diversity in Education (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameProfessor NameSubjectDateAnalysis EssayThe current education sector is characterized by diversity in cultural aspects, race, and religion among others. There is no boundary in which the students are restricted to pursue their education, and the same case applies to the employment sector. The society understands the impact of racial discrimination and oppression of the minority group, and they have instituted strategies that ensure realization of equitable distribution of resources and equal opportunities in the academic and employment sector. One of such strategies is encouraging affirmative action. Although affirmative action is critical in safeguarding the interest of the minority, Eastland, in his editorial, argues that affirmative action is a disguise in the realization of equity across the globe. Eastland outlines numerous setbacks associated with affirmative action, one of which being that it causes stigmatization. The strategy focuses on providing o pportunities to the minority group in the society. As such, a certain proportion of opportunities are set aside for the benefit of the minority group in the society. The minority group is stigmatized as they understand that without the favor of the majority group in the society, they cannot get the opportunities and privileges enjoyed by other groups in the society. Eastland argue that the society, regardless of whether one is a minority or majority, should access the opportunities available on a competitive manner (Eastland 100). Dependence on the majority group gives them the upper hand to dictate the operations and activities of the minority. The objective of affirmative action is to enhance equity among all groups in the society, but, in reality, it is the reverse of discrimination. In essence, it is not justifiable to replace discrimination against the minority groups in the society with discrimination against non-minority groups. The United States Constitution provides that eq uality should always be observed in the society, and discriminating majority group from accessing some of the opportunities, is in itself contrary to the laws of the United States. Reducing the proportion of opportunities for the majority group is demonstrating discrimination in the present world. An individuals education background and achievements should be the basis for accessing opportunities rather than basing on minority and majority groupings. Affirmative action focuses on race rather than focusing on meritocracy. Admissions into the public institutions should be based on a students merit rather than racial background. The end of racial discrimination will only be achieved when the societys focus is on encouraging competitiveness in various opportunities instead of focusing on benefiting the minority group. Eastland argues that students who are given priorities based on affirmative action often end-up underachieving (Eastland 102). This is not good for th...